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Thursday, September 30, 2010

Terrafugia Transition transforms from car to plane

Terrafugia Transition transforms from car to plane
Posted by Telegraph.co.uk
Published: 4:14PM BST 29 Jun 2010



The Terrafugia Transition, a light aircraft that can convert into a road-legal automobile, is to go into production after being given a special weight exemption by the US Federal Aviation Administration.

Light sport aircraft licences require just 20 hours' flying time, making them much easier to obtain than full private licences.

The two-seater Transition can use its front-wheel drive on roads at ordinary highway speeds, with wings folded, at a respectable 30 miles per gallon. Once it has arrived at a suitable take-off spot - an airport, or adequately sized piece of flat private land - it can fold down the wings, engage its rear-facing propellor, and take off. The folding wings are electrically powered.

This is a list of some of the prototypes developed in a bid to create a roadworthy vehicle that can also take to the skies.

Curtiss Autoplane - In 1917, Glenn Curtiss unveiled the first attempt at such a vehicle. His aluminum Autoplane sported three wings that spanned 40 feet. The car's motor drove a four-bladed propeller at the rear of the car. The Autoplane never truly flew, but it did manage a few short hops.

Arrowbile - Developed by Waldo Waterman in 1937, the Arrowbile was a hybrid Studebaker-aircraft. Like the Autoplane, it too had a propeller attached to the rear of the vehicle. The three-wheeled car was powered by a typical 100-horsepower Studebaker engine. The wings detached for storage. AThe project failed due to lack of funding.

Airphibian - Robert Fulton developed the Airphibian in 1946. Instead of adapting a car for flying, Fulton adapted a plane for the road. The wings and tail section of the plane could be removed to accommodate road travel, and the propeller could be stored inside the plane's fuselage. It took only five minutes to convert the plane into a car. The Airphibian was the first flying car to be certified by the Civil Aeronautics Administration, the predecessor of the the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). It had a 150-horsepower, six-cylinder engine and could fly 120 miles per hour and drive at 50 mph. Despite his success, Fulton couldn't find a reliable financial backer.

ConvAirCar - In the 1940s, Consolidated-Vultee developed a two-door sedan equipped with a detachable airplane unit. The ConvAirCar debuted in 1947, and offered one hour of flight and a petrol mileage of 45 miles per gallon. Plans to market the car ended when it crashed on its third flight.

Avrocar - The first flying car designed for military use was the Avrocar, developed in a joint effort between Canadian and British military. The vehicle, which looked like a flying saucer, was supposed to be a lightweight air carrier that would move troops to the battlefield.

Aerocar - Inspired by the Airphibian and Robert Fulton, whom he had met years before, Moulton "Molt" Taylor created perhaps the most well-known and most successful flying car to date. The Aerocar was designed to drive, fly and then drive again without interruption. Taylor covered his car with a fiberglass shell. A 10-foot-long drive shaft connected the engine to a pusher propeller. It cruised at 120 mph in the air and was the second and last roadable aircraft to receive FAA approval, until now. In 1970, Ford Motor Co. even considered marketing the vehicle, but the decade's oil crisis dashed those plans.


Related Articles

News Link: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/motoringvideo/7861541/Terrafugia-Transition-transforms-from-car-to-plane.html

Wednesday, September 29, 2010

Titanic secret revealed

Family's Titanic secret revealed

The Titantic's bow railing filmed by remote control cameras
The Titantic's bow railing filmed by remote control cameras

Confusion about steering orders was responsible for the Titanic sinking, according to a relative of one of the ship's officers.

Novelist Louise Patten, granddaughter of Titanic's Second Officer Charles Lightoller, said an officer had steered into an iceberg instead of away.

The Belfast-built luxury liner sank in the Atlantic Ocean on her maiden voyage in April 1912 with the loss of 1,500 lives.

Mrs Patten said the tragedy had occurred during a period when shipping communications were in transition from sail to steam.

Two different systems were in operation at the time, Rudder Orders (used for steam ships) and Tiller Orders (used for sailing ships).

Crucially, Mrs Patten said, the two steering systems were the complete opposite of one another, so a command to turn 'hard a-starboard' meant turn the wheel right under one system and left under the other."

She said when the helmsman, who had been trained in sail, received the direction, he turned the vessel towards the iceberg with tragic results.

Titantic Second Officer Charles Lightoller, who kept the secret from the outside world
Titantic Second Officer Charles Lightoller,
who kept the secret from the outside world


Mrs Patten has worked the story of the catastrophe into her latest novel, Good As Gold.

She said that while Charles Lightoller was not on watch at the time of the collision, a dramatic final meeting of the four senior officers took place in the first officer's cabin shortly before Titanic went down.

There, Lightoller heard not only about the fatal mistake, but also what happened next up on the bridge.

While the helmsman had made a straightforward error, what followed was a deliberate decision, she claimed.

Lightoller was the only survivor to know that after the iceberg was hit, Bruce Ismay, chairman of Titanic's owner, the White Star Line, persuaded Captain Smith to continue sailing.

The truth of what happened on that historic night was deliberately buried, she said.

Louise Patten's grandfather decided not to disclose what he knew and even kept his story from an official enquiry into the sinking.

"By his code of honour, he felt it was his duty to protect his employer - White Star Line - and its employees," Ms Patten said.

"It was made clear to him by those at the top that, if the company were found to be negligent, it would be bankrupted and every job would be lost.

"The enquiry had to be a whitewash. The only person he told the full story to was his beloved wife Sylvia, my grandmother."


News Link: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-11390144

Tuesday, September 28, 2010

UFOs eyed nukes, ex-Air Force personnel say

September 27th, 2010
11:08 PM ET
UFOs eyed nukes, ex-Air Force personnel say



Seven former U.S. Air Force personnel gathered in Washington Monday to recount UFO sightings over nuclear weapons facilities in decades past – accounts that a UFO researcher says show extraterrestrial beings are interested in the world’s nuclear arms race and may be sending humans a message.

At a news conference at the National Press Club, the six former officers and one ex-enlisted man recalled either personal sightings or reports from subordinates and others of UFOs hovering over nuclear missile silos or nuclear weapons storage areas in the 1960s, '70s and '80s.

Three of the former Air Force officers – though they hadn’t seen the UFOs themselves - told reporters that UFOs hovering over silos around Montana’s Malmstrom Air Force Base in 1967 appeared to have temporarily deactivated some of the nuclear missiles.

Much of the testimony already has appeared in books, websites and elsewhere. But UFO researcher and author Robert Hastings, who organized the news conference, said the time has come for the U.S. government to acknowledge the UFO visits.

“I believe - these gentlemen believe - that this planet is being visited by beings from another world, who for whatever reason have taken an interest in the nuclear arms race which began at the end of World War II,” said Hastings, who added that more than 120 former military personnel have told him about UFOs visiting nuclear sites.

“Regarding the missile shutdown incidents, my opinion … is that whoever are aboard these craft are sending a signal to both Washington and Moscow, among others, that we are playing with fire – that the possession and threatened use of nuclear weapons potentially threatens the human race and the integrity of the planetary environment,” he said.

Former Air Force Capt. Robert Salas – who has written a book about the Montana incidents – said he was underground when a UFO hovered over his missile silo in March 1967, and therefore couldn’t see it. He said one of his guards above ground told him a red, glowing object about 30 feet in diameter was hovering just above the front gate of the facility, in an isolated area far from Malmstrom.

“And just as I [called my commander], our missiles began going into what’s called a no-go condition, or unlaunchable. Essentially, they were disabled while this object was still hovering over out site,” Salas said.

Salas and others said the military urged them at the time not to talk about the incidents.

Retired Col. Charles Halt recalled seeing UFOs over the woods near Royal Air Force Stations Bentwaters and Woodbridge in eastern England in December 1980. He and security personnel were investigating reports of strange lights just outside one of the bases.

“All through the forest was a bright glowing object,” he said Monday. “The best way I can describe it, it looked like an eye – with bright red, with a dark center. It appeared to be winking. It was shedding something like molten metal, was dripping off it.

“It silently moved through the trees, avoiding any contact, it bobbed up and down, and at one point it actually approached us. We tried to get closer. It receded out into the field, beyond the forest, and silently exploded into five white objects – gone. So we went out into the field looking for any evidence, because something had been apparently falling off it – and we find nothing,” he said.

He recalled subsequently seeing other objects in the sky, including one that stopped about 3,000 feet overhead and “sent down a concentrated beam at our feet.” No one was harmed.

“The best way I can equate it is sort of a laser beam. We stood there in awe. Was this a warning? Was this an attempt to communicate? Was this a weapon? Or just a probe?” he said.

At about the same time, he was hearing radio reports from base personnel that beams from some of the objects were “falling into or near the weapons storage area.”

In a staff meeting later, a general decided “it happened off base, so it’s a British affair,” Halt recalled. “In other words, they were loathe to get involved.”

The Air Force investigated UFOs from 1948 to 1969 under a program eventually called Project Blue Book. The service, on its website, says the project concluded that “no UFO reported, investigated, and evaluated by the Air Force has ever given any indication of threat to our national security.” It also says there has been "no evidence that sightings categorized as 'unidentified' are extraterrestrial vehicles."

Salas said the UFO phenomenon “is real, not imaginary.”

“There is current excessive secrecy in our government surrounding this phenomenon,” he said.

A reporter asked how many of the former military personnel subscribed to Hastings’ theory that the message of extraterrestrials is that humans should get rid of nuclear weapons, and how many of them believed that we should get rid of nukes. Of the seven, it appeared that only Salas raised his hand.


Post by: CNN's Jason Hanna
Filed under: Military • Nuclear • UFOs

News Link: http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2010/09/27/ufos-showed-interest-in-nukes-ex-air-force-personnel-say/?hpt=T2

Wednesday, September 22, 2010

Swine Flu is NOT the Problem -- It is the Vaccine that May Harm or Kill You
Posted By Dr. Mercola | November 08 2009
By Dr. Mercola


You’ve probably noticed the escalating hype and hysteria surrounding the swine flu pandemic as colder months approach and the number of worldwide cases climbs.

It’s true the virus is spreading.

Much more important, however, is the fact that reported cases continue to be symptomatically mild, requiring little or no medical intervention. And deaths from the H1N1 virus remain extremely low, at less than one half of one percent of reported cases as of July 6.[1]

Despite this fact, the United States has committed to spending another $1 billion on ingredients for an H1N1 vaccine, according to U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius, with plans for a mid-October vaccination program intact.[2]

Plans are also underway to implement vaccine programs around the world. In Germany, for instance, the health ministry announced the government had plans to order 50 million vaccine units and up to 22.5 million people may be vaccinated in the first stage of the plan starting in September (even though no fatalities have occurred in the country to date).[3]
The cost of the vaccination program is estimated at two billion euros -- even though only 800 infections, none of them fatal, have been reported in the country.

The White House Speaks About Swine Flu

If you’re on the White House email distribution list, you received an email recently announcing the “H1N1 Influenza Preparedness Summit” held on July 9. The note was signed by the Secretaries of Health and Human Services (HHS), Homeland Security, and Education.

The message said, in part:

“We are working together to monitor the spread of 2009-H1N1 and to prepare to initiate a voluntary fall vaccination program against the 2009-H1N1 flu virus, assuming we have a safe vaccine and do not see changes in the virus that would render the vaccine ineffective.”

Two things in this paragraph stand out. Number one -- the vaccination program is still voluntary. A plan for mass swine flu vaccinations is not good news, but it appears that at least for now, the choice is still up to you.

The other item which stands out in that paragraph is the phrase, “... assuming we have a safe vaccine.”

How safe is a vaccine that has been developed, “tested,” and shipped for mass distribution in a matter of weeks? The answer -- it isn’t.

Unfortunately, President Obama is fully onboard with the prospect of mass injections of inadequately tested, potentially deadly vaccines.

"We want to make sure that we are not promoting panic, but we are promoting vigilance and preparation," he said during the July 9 summit, adding, "the most important thing for us to do is to make sure that state and local officials prepare now to implement a vaccination program in the fall."[4]

Target Groups are Among the Most Vulnerable to Vaccine Risks

Yesterday's Washington Post ran a story in which 2800 people will be tested for the vaccine in 8 US cities. Even more concerning though is that they are expecting 160 million doses of the vaccine to be ready this fall with the first batch sometime this September.

As I mentioned in an earlier article, school children are the first target group to receive vaccinations. According to the Washington Post, Education Secretary, Arne Duncan said during the summit that "we would absolutely welcome" the idea that the nation's schools be turned into vaccine shot clinics. He called them "natural sites" and said that "to open our doors and be part of the solution really makes sense."

Makes sense to whom? I can’t say this enough -- if you understand the truth about vaccines it is beyond outrageous to suggest children should be the first to line up for swine flu vaccine injections.

Say NO to the Vaccine !!!

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the most serious and fatal cases of H1N1 have occurred in people between the ages of 30 and 50, many of whom were already ill with disorders like asthma, heart problems, diabetes, autoimmune diseases and obesity.[5]

Cases of swine flu in healthy children have been mild in nature, with little or no medical intervention required. Informed parents, given a choice, will surely opt for a mild case of the flu over the potential health risks of an inadequately tested vaccine that can potentially cause long-term devastation of your child’s health, or worse.

Further, under federal legislation passed by Congress since 2001, an Emergency Use Authorization allows any company that gives experimental vaccines to Americans during a declared public health emergency to be protected from liability if people get hurt.

It is a bad idea to turn schools into medical clinics and test experimental swine flu vaccines on children first. Especially when nobody has any liability.[6]

The Secretary of HHS, Kathleen Sebelius, rounded out the first targeted injection group by also including healthcare workers, pregnant women, and adults with chronic illnesses.

Pregnant women and people of any age with compromised immune systems are potentially at much higher risk for complications from dangerous vaccines than they are from a mild influenza virus.

On Their Way -- Vaccines Containing the Deadly Adjuvant Squalene

Squalene Update as of October 2009:

According to Barbara Loe Fisher, founder of the NVIC, none of the H1N1 vaccines being distributed in the United States contain squalene or other oil in water adjuvants.

We successfully made enough fuss about the potential danger of fast tracking licensure of squalene adjuvants into US H1N1 vaccines under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) that can be invoked during a declared public health emergency that the FDA has NOT licensed these adjuvants for the U.S.

There is squalene in H1N1 vaccines licensed in Europe but not yet in the U.S. That is not to say the vaccine manufacturers will not try to get the adjuvants inserted into vaccines in the future, but for now we have won on this point.

I recently posted an article on the subject of the vaccine adjuvant squalene. If you haven’t read this article, I suggest you do so. It contains crucial information about the health risks associated with injections of vaccines containing squalene.

Adjuvants are added to vaccines to make them more “effective” and to reduce the amount of vaccine required per dose. They do this by causing your immune system to react in a powerful, unnatural and potentially dangerous way to the presence of the organism you’re being vaccinated against.

Squalene is proving to be among the worst of the worst in terms of immune adjuvants.

We know at least two of the swine flu vaccines under development by drug companies will contain the oil-based adjuvant squalene. Novartis and GlaxoSmithKline are producing those vaccines, and it’s probably just the tip of the iceberg because:

In a July 13 WHO swine flu pandemic briefing note in which they list their latest recommendations on vaccines, they state:

“In view of the anticipated limited vaccine availability at global level and the potential need to protect against "drifted" strains of virus, SAGE recommended that promoting production and use of vaccines such as those that are formulated with oil-in-water adjuvants and live attenuated influenza vaccines was important.”[7]

Translation: WHO is now specifically recommending the production and use of vaccines containing oil-based adjuvants.

Also on July 13, HHS Secretary Sebelius committed another $884 million -- in addition to the $1 billion committed in May -- to purchase two key ingredients of the H1N1 vaccines under development. The key ingredients are:

1. The antigen (the active ingredient or organism)
2. The adjuvant

Novartis, whose vaccine contains the squalene adjuvant MF59, will receive $690 million of the $884 million.[8]

The handwriting is on the wall -- H1N1 vaccines will almost certainly contain the squalene adjuvant. Sebelius hedges her bets with the following statement:

“Depending on the results of clinical studies, adjuvant could be added to a vaccine to boost the immune system’s response and potentially reduce the amount of antigen necessary for the body to recognize and fight a virus.”

Depending on the results of clinical studies? Are those the same studies that will somehow be completed in record time and inexplicably deliver results pronouncing swine flu vaccines “safe and effective?”

Your skepticism is warranted and may keep you and your family safe.

Again -- please read my recent article on squalene so you will be fully informed of the deadly potential of this vaccine adjuvant and the controversy surrounding its use.

The U.K. is Also Keen to Mass Vaccinate

The U.S. government isn’t alone in its irrational response to the H1N1 virus.

How’s this for a headline: “Swine flu vaccine to be cleared after five-day trial.”

Dr. Peter Holden, the British Medical Association’s lead negotiator on swine flu, is of the opinion that although swine flu is not causing serious illness in patients, U.K. health officials are eager to start a mass vaccination campaign, beginning with “priority groups.” Holden says the vaccinations will reduce the chances of a shortage of hospital beds because of people suffering from swine flu.[9]

Why is the U.K. eager to vaccinate for a virus that isn’t causing serious illness? And why, if the swine flu isn’t causing serious illness, is Dr. Holden concerned about a shortage of hospital beds?

Some Do’s and Don’ts as Flu Season Approaches

Whether you believe the U.S. government is simply naïve or quite deliberate in their ongoing swine flu pandemic propaganda campaign, it is imperative you arm yourself with the facts about the H1N1 virus, vaccinations, and what you can do to protect yourself and your family.

Don’t assume because the government is promoting swine flu vaccines, they must be safe. Many vaccines with the FDA’s stamp of approval have proved to be dangerously high risk.

* The anthrax vaccine, mandated for U.S. military personnel, is not safe.
* Thimerosal, a commonly used mercury-based vaccine preservative, is not safe.
* The HPV vaccine (Gardasil), a disturbing example of how effective marketing can create a non-existent “need” for a product that is clearly unsafe.
* The last swine flu vaccine, from the 1976 “pandemic,” was unsafe. The pandemic never materialized, and more people died from the vaccine than from the swine flu.
* The FDA in its role as guardian of your family’s health is not safe.

Don’t assume your government cannot or will not mandate vaccinations or quarantines. Laws are on the books which give federal, and state and local authorities the latitude to enforce vaccine mandates, involuntary isolation and quarantine, and punitive action against those who resist.

* The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act directs the public health authority to “use every available means to prevent the transmission of infectious disease and to ensure that all cases of contagious disease are subject to proper control and treatment” (Article VI, page 26).[10]
* Executive Order 13295: Revised List of Quarantinable Communicable Diseases gives authority to the Secretary of HHS to provide for the “apprehension, detention, or conditional release of individuals to prevent the introduction, transmission, or spread of suspected communicable diseases.”[11]
* Executive Order 13375: Amendment to Executive Order 13295 Relating to Certain Influenza Viruses and Quarantinable Communicable Diseases adds “influenza caused by novel or reemergent influenza viruses that are causing, or have the potential to cause, a pandemic.”[12]

Sign the Petition!!

If you live in the US you can sign the petition to tell your congress person that you are STRONGLY opposed to forced vaccination.

Do educate yourself about influenza strains, vaccination risks, and the public health laws in your state[13] that may require you or your children to undergo either mandatory vaccination or quarantine.

* For a brief but comprehensive report on the history of mandatory vaccinations in the U.S. as well as the current laws in place, read the five-page CRS Report for Congress titled Mandatory Vaccinations: Precedent and Current Laws.[14]

Do make your voice heard against mandatory swine flu vaccination programs.

* Visit the National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) and join the fight against mandatory vaccination.
* Read about a proposed self-shielding/self-quarantine bill and send a message to your local legislator here.[15] You can learn more about self-shielding and social distancing at this link.[16]

Do prepare to self-shield/self-quarantine in the event of a swine flu outbreak in your area. Some suggestions:

* Store a two-week supply of food and water in the event you can’t get to a store or stores run out of supplies.
* Make sure you have a supply of any prescription drugs you take on hand.
* Talk with family members and loved ones about how they would be cared for if they got sick, or what will be needed to care for them in your home.
* Get involved in community efforts to prepare for an influenza outbreak.

Do take care of your health to reduce or eliminate your risk of contracting any strain of influenza.


Article Link: http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2009/11/08/Swine-Flu-is-NOT-the-Problem---It-is-the-Vaccine-that-May-Harm-or-Kill-You.aspx


[1] World Health Organization, Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Update 58, July 6, 2009 http://www.who.int/csr/don/2009_07_06/en/index.html

[2] Reuters.com “U.S. to spend another $1 billion on flu vaccine” July 13, 2009 http://www.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUSTRE56669020090713

[3] Deutsche Welle July 17, 2009 http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,4496394,00.html

[4] The Washington Post, Students 1st in Line for Flu Vaccine, July 10, 2009 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/09/AR2009070900353.html

[5] World Health Organization, World now at the start of 2009 influenza pandemic, June 11, 2009 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2009/h1n1_pandemic_phase6_20090611/en/index.html

[6] National Vaccine Information Center July 22, 2009 http://www.nvic.org/NVIC-Vaccine-News/July-2009/Swine-Flu-Vaccine-Should-Not-Be-Given-to-Children.aspx

[7] World Health Organization, Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 briefing note 2, WHO recommendations on pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vaccines, July 13, 2009 http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/notes/h1n1_vaccine_20090713/en/index.html

[8] HHS.gov, News Release: HHS Purchases Additional H1N1 Vaccine Ingredients, July 13, 2009

http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2009pres/07/20090713b.html

[9] TimesOnline, Swine flu vaccine to be cleared after five-day trial, July 12, 2009 http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/health/article6690010.ece

[10] The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act, December 21, 2001 http://www.publichealthlaw.net/MSEHPA/MSEHPA.pdf

[11] Executive Order 13295: Revised List of Quarantinable Communicable Diseases http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/sars/executiveorder040403.htm

[12] Executive Order 13375: Amendment to Executive Order 13295 Relating to Certain Influenza Viruses and Quarantinable Communicable Diseases http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2005/pdf/05-6907.pdf

[13] The Centers for Law & the Public’s Health, The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act http://www.publichealthlaw.net/ModelLaws/MSEHPA.php

[14] CRS Report for Congress, Mandatory Vaccinations: Precedent and Current Laws, updated January 18, 2005 http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/RS21414.pdf

[15] Natural Solutions Foundation http://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/568/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=27275

[16] GlobalSecurity.org, Flu Pandemic Mitigation - Social Distancing http://www.globalsecurity.org/security/ops/hsc-scen-3_flu-pandemic-distancing.htm

Related Links:

Warning: Swine Flu Vaccine Coming Soon
Major Expose on Swine Flu by 60 Minutes
Important Swine Flu Update

Related Videos:


Makers Of Vaccine Refuse To Take H1N1



Doctor Admits Vaccine Is More Deadly Than Swine Flu Itself &
Will Not Give It To His Kids


SAY NO TO THE VACCINE by trillion



Tuesday, September 7, 2010

World's Richest Government

World's Richest Government


Tue, 07 Sep 2010 19:03:00

We know the world's richest man is Carlos Slim Helu of Mexico, followed by Bill Gates and Warren Buffet of USA How about governments?

World's Richest Government

We know the world's richest man is Carlos Slim Helu of Mexico, followed by Bill Gates and Warren Buffet of USA

How about governments?


Which countries’ government is the richest (having most money that is, in US$)If you are expecting North American and European nations, you might be disappointed.While the countries look rich, wealthy European nations can't withstand a prolonged major financial crisis, just like Greece.The USA might have the biggest economy, but the American government is not at all rich; in fact, it can't even take out $150bn if asked to now without resorting to borrowing.To date the US government has borrowed $14 trillion!The UK , likewise, while the country/people are rich, the government isn't.The UK government’s debt stands at $9 trillion now.

World's Richest Government


Richest governments after 2008-2009 financial crisis :


1. China

National reserves: $2,454,300,000,000



2. Japan
National reserves: $1,019,000,000,000



3. Russia

National reserves: $458,020,000,000



4. Saudi Arabia:

National reserves: $395,467,000,000


5. Taiwan

National reserves:
$362,380,000,000



6. India
National reserves : $279,422,000,000


7. South Korea
National reserves: $274,220,000,000



8. Switzerland
National reserves: $262,000,000,000



9. Hong Kong , China
National reserves: $256,000,000,000



10. Brazil
National reserves: $255,000,000,000



Here are the rest, in million US $:


11 Singapore / 203,436
12 Germany / 189,100
13 Thailand / 150,000
14 Algeria / 149,000
15 France / 140,848
16 Italy / 133,104
17 United States / 124,176
18 Mexico / 100,096
19 Iran / 96,560
20 Malaysia / 96,100
21 Poland / 85,232
22 Libya / 79,000
23 Denmark / 76,315
24 Turkey / 71,859
25 Indonesia / 69,730
26 United Kingdom / 69,091
27 Israel / 62,490
28 Canada / 57,392
29 Norway / 49,223
30 Iraq / 48,779
31 Argentina / 48,778
32 Philippines / 47,650
33 Sweden / 46,631
34 United Arab Emirates / 45,000
35 Hungary / 44,591
36 Romania / 44,056
37 Nigeria / 40,480
38 Czech Republic / 40,151
39 Australia / 39,454
40 Lebanon / 38,600
41 Netherlands / 38,372
42 South Africa / 38,283
43 Peru / 37,108
44 Egypt / 35,223
45 Venezuela / 31,925
46 Ukraine / 28,837
47 Spain / 28,195
48 Colombia / 25,141
49 Chile / 24,921
50 Belgium / 24,130
51 Brunei / 22,000
52 Morocco / 21,873
53 Vietnam / 17,500
54 Macau / 18,730
55 Kazakhstan / 27,549
56 Kuwait / 19,420
57 Angola / 19,400
58 Austria / 18,079
59 Serbia / 17,357
60 Pakistan / 16,770
61 New Zealand / 16,570
62 Bulgaria / 16,497
63 Ireland / 16,229
63 Portugal / 16,254
64 Croatia / 13,720
65 Jordan / 12,180
66 Finland / 11,085
67 Bangladesh / 10,550
68 Botswana / 10,000
69 Tunisia / 9,709
70 Azerbaijan / 9,316
71 Bolivia / 8,585
72 Trinidad and Tobago / 8,100
73 Yemen / 7,400
74 Uruguay / 8,104
75 Oman / 7,004
76 Latvia / 6,820
77 Lithuania / 6,438
78 Qatar / 6,368
79 Cyprus / 6,176
80 Belarus / 6,074
81 Syria / 6,039
82 Uzbekistan / 5,600
83 Luxembourg / 5,337
84 Guatemala / 5,496
85 Greece / 5,207
86 Bosnia and Herzegovina / 5,151
87 Cuba / 4,247
88 Costa Rica / 4,113
89 Equatorial Guinea / 3,928
90 Ecuador / 3,913
91 Iceland / 3,823
92 Paraguay / 3,731
93 Turkmenistan / 3,644
94 Estonia / 3,583
95 Malta / 3,522
96 Myanmar / 3,500
97 Bahrain / 3,474
98 Kenya / 3,260
99 Ghana / 2,837
100 El Salvador / 2,845
101 Sri Lanka / 2,600
102 Cambodia / 2,522
103 Côte d'Ivoire / 2,500
104 Tanzania / 2,441
105 Cameroon / 2,341
106 Macedonia / 2,243
107 Dominican Republic / 2,223
108 Papua New Guinea / 2,193
109 Honduras / 2,083
110 Armenia / 1,848
111 Slovakia / 1,809
112 Mauritius / 1,772
113 Albania / 1,615
114 Kyrgyzstan / 1,559
115 Jamaica / 1,490
116 Mozambique / 1,470
117 Gabon / 1,459
118 Senegal / 1,350
119 Georgia / 1,300
120 Panama / 1,260
121 Sudan / 1,245
122 Zimbabwe / 1,222
123 Slovenia / 1,105
124 Moldova / 1,102
125 Zambia / 1,100
126 Nicaragua / 1,496
127 Mongolia / 1,000
128 Chad / 997
129 Burkina Faso / 897
130 Lesotho / 889
131 Ethiopia / 840
132 Benin / 825
133 Namibia / 750
134 Madagascar / 745
135 Barbados / 620
136 Laos / 514
137 Rwanda / 511
138 Swaziland / 395
139 Togo / 363
140 Cape Verde / 344
141 Tajikistan / 301
142 Guyana / 292
143 Haiti / 221
144 Belize / 150
145 Vanuatu / 149
146 Malawi / 140
147 Gambia / 120
148 Guinea / 119
149 Burundi / 118
150 Seychelles / 118
151 Samoa / 70
152 Tonga / 55
153 Liberia / 49
154 Congo / 36
155
São Tomé and Príncipe / 36
156 Eritrea / 22

Big national reserves doesn't guarantee prosperity however, for instance, the yearly expenses for China's government is $1.11 trillion, their government must always think of economic growth and making more money. China’s govt overspent $110bn last year, much on it towards modernizing their military, if it goes on like this their reserves can only last for 22 yrs.

The Malaysian government overspent $13bn last year, if it goes on like this their reserves can only last for 7 yrs.

The Singaporean government overspent $3bn last year, much of it rescuing their banks from financial crisis, if it goes on like this their reserves can last 68 years.

The Swiss govt overspent $1bn last year, if it goes on like this their reserves can last 262 yrs.

A country normally can borrow up to 100% its GDP, a very strong industrial country or very financial stable nation can borrow up to perhaps 200% its GDP, debts over 250% GDP the country is bankrupted.

Greece's Debts Is 113.40% GDP, In Danger As It Is Not Considered A Strong Industrial Or Financial Country.

Iceland Is 107.60%, Also In Crisis As It Is Not So Strong Industrial Or Financially.

Singapore Debts Is 113.10%, Not In Hot Water Due To Its Global Financial Hub Status, And Also Its Financial Strength. It's Only Dangerous For Singapore When It Reaches 200%

Japan Debts Is 189.30%, Still Under Radar As A Powerful Industrial Nation. It Needs To Panic Only At Around 200%

US Has The World Largest Debts, But It Is Only 62% Its GDP, It Is Not In Any Immediate Danger Of Bankruptcy.

Zimbabwe Debts Is 282.60% GDP, It Is A Bankrupted Nation.

Malaysia Debts Is Currently At 53.70% GDP.

Hong Kong And Taiwan Is Doing Pretty Good With Debts At 32-37% GDP

South Korea Is Even Better With Debts At 23.5% GDP

China Is Very Stable With Debts At 16.90% GDP

Russia Is Like A Big Mountain With Debts Only At 6.30% GDP


There Are Only 5 Countries With No Debt (I.E. 0%):


Brunei, Liechtenstein , Palau , Nieu
, And Macau Of China.